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Nanoc= omposites & Rubber
Carl D. McAfee, Ph.D.
McAfee Consulting LLC
2 April 2003
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Background
nMcAfee Consulting LLC
nPolymer chemist R= 11; experience rubber & plastics
nDesigned experiments – many companies
nSouthern Clay Products
nManufacturer of montmorillonites for years
nGood progress in plastics w/automotive applic.
nNanocomposites & Rubber
nBert & Carl toge= ther via former Dow contacts
nMixing studies ̵= 1; existing rubber mixing technol.
nApplication in nitri= le based polymer for customer
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Objective of this talk
nFamiliarize you with the concept
nDefinitions, parameters, etc.
nIllustrate several options for reinforcement
nCarbon black, silica, & nanoclays
nDiscuss challenges of incorporation
nMention market opportunities
nDiscuss product enhancements
nDynamic, thermal, barrier, fatigue, & lifetime <= /span>
nProvide references & sources for further study
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What are nanocomposites/clays?
nDefinition
nFunctionalized AlMg-Silicates with physical dimensions of: L-100nm, W-50nm, &= H- 1nm
nFunctional groups can vary depending on the users needs and the desired application
nBest physical description is “a ream of paper”
nExfoliation, i.e. the dispersing of the ream of paper sheets in the desired polymer matrix is the critical parameter for optimum performance
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Rubber Reinforcement Options
nTraditional - Carbon black
nParticle size approx. 10 microns
nChemical nature – hydrocarbon – non-polar
nTypical use levels up to 100 phr
nConventional - Silica
nParticle size approx. 1 micron
nChemical nature – neutral
nTypical use levels up to 50 phr
nNext Generation - Nanoclays
nParticle size approx. 0.1 micron
nChemical nature – variable – polar to non-polar
nTypical use levels up to 20 phr
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Existing Case Studies in Rubber
nMichelin Tire
nMove from carbon black to silica for reinforce
nImproved lifetimes & better dynamic properties <= /span>
nZeon Chemicals
nAl Silicates in NBR for Higher Temp Resistance
nEdmee Files paper at Winter ERG Meeting
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Challe= nges to incorporate in polymers
nPlastics
nCurrently effective with twin-screw extruders
nRubbers
nCurrently struggling with conventional mixers, i.e. banburys, mills, etc.&= #13;
nAlloys
nCurrently effective with twin-screw extruders
nLatex phases
nTheoretically highest possible success
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Market Opportunities
nDynamic Applications
nRoller Industry
nOilfield Industry
nPolymer Films & Fibers
nBarrier Resistance – gas & solvents
nPuncture & Strength improvements
nSeveral published studies outlining other markets and estimated sizes
nPrincipia Consulting Group via internet
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Product Enhancements
nDynamic <= /div>
nBetter chance for polymer to heal
nThermal <= /div>
nIncreased stability & flame retardancy
nBarrier <= /div>
nMicro barrier for in= c. resistance to gases & solv.
nFatigue <= /div>
nLess chance for crack propagation
nLifetime =
nAll of the above translates into longer lifetimes
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Useful Websites
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References
nUniversities
nCornell Univ., Gianelis, early work
nAkron, Texas A&M, Univ. of Texas, Southern Mississippi, etc.
nNanocomposites 2002, Delivering New Value to Polymers, 23-25 Sep 2002, San Die= go, CA
nACS National Meetings
nANTEC National Meetings
nSPE Local Meetings
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Contact Information
nCarl D. McAfee, Ph.D.
nMcAfee Consulting LLC
n1016 Kennedale-Suble= tt Road
nP.O. Box 36, Kenneda= le, TX 76060
n= cmcafee@prochemist.com
n817-483-4126 main office
n817-483-7574 fax = ;
n817-235-8817 mobile&= #13;
n972-660-1312 lab
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